Report of the Seventy-Sixth Ordinary Session of the OAU Council of Ministers / Eleventh Ordinary Session of the AEC

II. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE OAU GENERAL SECRETARIAT FOR THE PERIOD FROM FEBRUARY TO JUNE 2002

46. There was no formal presentation of the above item, because the Opening Statement of the Secretary General had covered all the salient points in Document CM/2253 (LXXVI) Parts I and II. In considering the item, attention of Council was drawn to the addendum to the introductory Note of the Secretary General on the Follow-up on the Africa-Europe Summit and the corrigendum to the same Report on the Situation in Western Sahara.

47. Council took note of the Report of the Secretary General on the Activities of the OAU General Secretariat for the period from February to June 2002 and the two Addenda and approved the recommendations contained therein.

III. POLITICAL MATTERS

48. The Report of the Secretary General on Liberia was introduced by the Assistant Secretary General for Political Affairs who stated that the Report contained an account of the security and humanitarian situations in the country, which had given much cause for concern, in the light of the recent incursions made by the rebel movement, the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD). The Report also highlighted the human rights situation in the country.

49. Council was informed that the Report also dwelt on the efforts of the Liberian Government to launch a national reconciliation process, in response to the call made by ECOWAS to encourage a process of national reconciliation in Liberia, including the convening of an all-Liberian Conference IN Abuja in March 2002. Mention was also made of the Mano River Union Summit held at Rabat in February 2002. The report made mention as well, of the actions of the OAU, including the two missions undertaken by the Special Envoy of the OAU Secretary General in February and March, and in May and June 2002. During those two visits, the Special Envoy had met, inter-alia, President Taylor and members of his Government, President Kabbah and members of his Government, the Foreign Minister of Guinea, the ECOWAS Executive Secretary and representatives of the LURD.

50. Finally, the Assistant Secretary General drew the attention of Council to the fact that, as stated in the report, during the UN debate on the sanctions imposed on Liberia, the OAU had stood by the position of ECOWAS, which was that they should be lifted in view of the negative impact they were having on the Liberian people in socio-economic and humanitarian terms; and that rather, the international community should engage the Liberian leadership constructively.

51. In the discussion that ensued, it was observed that the situation in Liberia had given cause for much concern in the West African region. Council was informed by the Nigerian delegation that in the light of that, an ECOWAS initiative, led by Nigeria, had been undertaken to organise an inter-Liberian Conference in Abuja, Nigeria. The convening of that Conference had been motivated by the desire to forge a common understanding among all the parties to the conflict in Liberia, so as to bring peace to the country and the region as a whole. Unfortunately, the Conference had not achieved significant progress on the matter, since fighting had resumed in Liberia. Subsequently, an ECOWAS Summit meeting was held in Yamoussoukro in May with a view to encouraging the parties to the conflict, to seek a successful solution.

52. Council launched an appeal to all the concerned parties to continue to work together with a view to achieving peace in the region.

53. It commended the efforts so far deployed by the OAU, ECOWAS, the Mano River Union and the UN Security Council in their bid to secure peace in Liberia and the region.

54. Council also appealed to the UN Security Council to review the sanctions imposed on Liberia, following the UN Panel’s visit.

55. Noting the grave consequences emanating from the resumption of the fighting in Liberia, Council appealed to all Member States of the OAU and the international community, to assist in every way possible to enable the countries of the region to adequately address the humanitarian, social and economic needs of the affected citizens.

56. Council examined the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), particularly the peace process set in motion by the Lusaka Cease-fire Agreement. Introducing the above item, the Assistant Secretary General for Political Affairs stressed that the Inter-Congolese Dialogue (ICD) which had taken place at Sun City, had not led to any consensual agreement despite the efforts invested by the Facilitator, and H. E. Thabo Mbeki, President of the host country. At the end of the ICD, the parties could not agree on a comprehensive agreement on the transitional arrangements. On the other hand, an agreement had been signed between the government and the Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC) led by Mr. Jean Pierre Bemba, as well as by other Congolese parties. That agreement had, however, been rejected by the Congolese Rally for Democracy (RCD) Goma) and a number of other political parties.

57. Concerning the other aspects of implementation of the Lusaka Cease-fire Agreement, the Assistant Secretary General highlighted the problems that have continued to undermine the process; namely violations of the cease-fire and the deceleration of the process for the withdrawal of foreign troops.

58. Council was also informed of the adoption of Resolution 1417 (2002) by the United Nations Security Council which, among other things, extended the mandate of MONUC up to 30 June 2003; but that the Security Council had neither acceded to the UN Secretary General’s proposal to increase the military strength of MONUC, nor the request by the signatory parties of the Lusaka Agreement to strengthen the mandate of MONUC. The Assistant Secretary General further informed Council of the appointment by the UN Secretary General of a Special Envoy in the person of Mr. Moustapha Niasse, former Prime Minister of the Republic of Senegal, with a mandate to reconcile the positions of the Congolese Parties, with a view to reaching a consensual and inclusive agreement.

59. Mr. Kikaya Bin Karubi, Minister of Communication and Media of the Democratic Republic of Congo, briefed Council on the status of the peace process in his country, particularly with regard to the Inter- Congolese Dialogue which had taken place at Sun City, and which had adopted 37 Resolutions on the various aspects of the political, economic, social and cultural life of the Democratic Republic of Congo. According to the leader of the DRC delegation, the Sun City meeting had reached a Framework Agreement signed by all the Congolese Parties, except the RCD, which represent 70% of the country. He noted that the Secretary General’s report had not adequately highlighted the tragic events which had taken place in Kisangani, or the efforts by the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo to resolve the issue of armed groups, a number of which had already encamped at Kamina. Honorable Minister Karubi underscored the systematic rejection of the Sun City Agreement by RCD-Goma. Concluding, the leader of the DRC delegation recommended that the African Union should involve itself more in the resolution of the conflict, to enable the Democratic Republic of Congo to play its role as a unifying State in the region.

60. Several delegations took the floor to voice their concern about the partial outcome of the Inter- Congolese Dialogue. They also expressed their countries’ commitment to the peace process set in motion by the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement, and urged the Congolese parties to restart the Dialogue process with a view to arriving at an inclusive and consensual agreement. The Council then urged the OAU/AU to continue to closely monitor the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and called upon the international community to provide multiform assistance towards the peace process in the DRC and for reconstruction of the country.

61. During the debate, the Foreign Minister of Mauritius briefed Council about overtures by the United States of America to obtain exemption through the Security Council of the United Nations, under the International Criminal Court Treaty, for its military personnel engaged in peacekeeping operations. In the event of failure in that bid, it should be expected that the United States would cease contributing forces to peacekeeping operations in the world. That being the case, Africa must anticipate that the decision taken on the matter would impact considerably on the United States contribution to peacekeeping operations in future.

62. Delegations took the floor on this specific issue to express their concern at the United States’ request.

63. The report of the Secretary General on the situation in Madagascar was introduced by the Assistant Secretary General in charge of Political Affairs. In his introductory remarks, the Assistant Secretary General noted the absence of the delegation of Madagascar at the meeting which he attributed to the decision adopted by the Central Organ during its meeting at Summit level, in Addis Ababa on 21 June 2002. The Assistant Secretary General indicated that the Central Organ had come to the conclusion that the presidential election of 16 December 2001 in Madagascar, had not resulted in a constitutionally and legally constituted government and, as such, the seat of Madagascar would have to remain vacant until the parties reached a consensus on a political solution to the crisis in conformity with OAU principles.

64. The Assistant Secretary General noted that the Central Organ had taken that decision against a background of sustained efforts by the OAU to assist the parties in the search for such a solution. The efforts and initiatives included the visit of the Secretary General, in February 2002, the mission of the OAU Contact Group for Madagascar in March 2002, the first meeting of the two protagonists in Dakar in April 2002 and the signing of the Dakar Agreement, under the auspices of President Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal and other Heads of State, members of the Committee of the Facilitators; the visit of the ministerial delegation to Madagascar in May 2002, to ensure the implementation of the Dakar Agreement; the meeting and solemn appeal of Libreville of June 2002; and the second meeting in Dakar between the two protagonists in June 2002, which had resulted in a plan for the settlement of the crisis but that had not been immediately approved by the parties. Meanwhile, the elements of the armed forces, which had rallied behind Mr. Ravalomanana, were reported to have occupied the majority of the autonomous provinces.

65. The Assistant Secretary General indicated that, on the eve of the meeting of the Central Organ, the Secretary General was informed of the decision by some countries to recognize the government of M. Ravalomanana, and the expectations by these countries that the Central Organ would do likewise. Since then, a number of other countries have recognized M. Ravalomanana as President of the Republic Madagascar and some had even signed cooperation agreements with his government.

66. Several delegations took the floor during the long exchange of views on the crisis in Madagascar. During their interventions most delegations raised their concern over the recognition by some OAU cooperating partners of those African governments considered by the OAU in violation of its founding principles, instead of supporting the Organization’s efforts to abide by its principles. The delegations paid tribute to the OAU current Chairman, Mr. Patrick Levy Mwanawasa, of Zambia, President Wade of Senegal and other members of the Committee of Facilitators, the Secretary General of the OAU and the Personal Envoy of the United Nations Secretary General for their sustained efforts in the search for a peaceful solution to the Madagascar crisis.

67. Council was of the view that the situation in Madagascar constituted a dangerous precedent for the OAU in its efforts to uphold the respect for the rule of law and democratic governance. In that regard, all the delegations saluted the Algiers decision of July 1999, and the Lome Declaration of July 2000, on unconstitutional changes of government.

68. Some delegations underscored the need for pragmatism, taking into account the unfolding situation on the ground, including the control of the majority of the provinces by Mr. Ravalomanana’s forces and his recognition by some foreign powers as the President of Madagascar. In that regard, they requested Council to recommend to the Assembly, a review of the decision of the Central Organ of June 2002. They stressed that, under the prevailing conditions in the country, the organization of new free and fair elections would be almost an impossible task and, as such, emphasis should rather be put on national reconciliation and the preservation of national unity and cohesion. For these delegations, the efforts of the OAU in Madagascar had paid off, as they had helped the country avert a civil war. Consequently, it was imperative for the OAU to continue to encourage Mr. Ravalomanana to pursue national reconciliation, including by inviting him to take part in the launching of the African Union, as the seat of Madagascar should not be vacant at the historic time of the launching of the Union.

69. By contrast, other delegations, recalling previous situations where the Algiers decision and Lomé declarations had been enforced, insisted on the need to avoid double standard in the application of key OAU principles. In their view, the OAU should refrain from appearing to be influenced by the recognition granted by some foreign powers to Mr. Ravalomanana, as that could be detrimental to the credibility of the Organization.

70. While expressing the firm view of the need for the OAU/AU to abide by its principles, the delegations agreed that Council should recommend to the Assembly to review the situation in Madagascar in the light of the decision of the Central Organ of June 2002 and any other political developments in the country. For them, the Assembly should be concerned about the search of a lasting political solution that would be acceptable to all the parties.

71. Speaking at the end of the discussions, the Secretary General informed Council that since its involvement in Madagascar, the OAU has always been conscious of the need to negotiate a political, rather than a legal solution to the crisis, notably through national reconciliation. He stressed the need for OAU Member States to act on the basis of principles, and concurred with the recommendation that Council should defer the issue under examination to the Assembly. The Secretary General appealed for serenity, in view of the fact that the situation, continued to evolve in an unpredictable fashion, affirming that he was closely following the situation and that he would inform Council and the Assembly of any new significant developments in the country.

72. The Assistant Secretary General in charge of Political Affairs introduced the report of the Secretary General on the situation in the Comoros. In his remarks, he welcomed the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of the Comoros, Mr. Mohamed El Amine Souef to the meeting as the sign of a happy end to the double institutional and separatist crises that the country was confronted with since 1997. He further indicated that that outcome had been made possible thanks to the efforts undertaken by the Comorian people, with the assistance of the OAU and the countries of the Region, under the coordination of South Africa, and with the support of the wider international community. He seized the opportunity to thank the countries of the Region and OAU partners in the Comoros for their efforts.

73. The Assistant Secretary General noted that although the country now has a democratically elected President, much remains to be done in order to complete the setting up of the new institutions, strengthen the ongoing reconciliation process and promote socio-economic development. In this regard, he invited all OAU Member States and the international community as a whole, to actively take part in the donors conference on the Comoros, which will be hosted by Mauritius later this year, so as to provide the Comoros with much needed resources for socio-economic development.

74. Speaking during the session, the Comorian Minister of Foreign Affairs expressed the gratitude of the Comorian people and authorities to the OAU, for its sustained efforts and encouragement. He noted that although the OAU had achieved its objective in the Comoros, there was still much to be done to consolidate the reconciliation process. In this regard, Mr. El-Amine Souef urged the OAU to assist the Comorian authorities in the organization, as soon as possible, of legislative and local elections for the establishment of a National Assembly. He requested the support for capacity building in the area of decentralizing the administration of the Union, and called on all OAU Member States to contribute, within their means, to the donors conference on the Comoros, which is scheduled to take place in Mauritius.

75. Mr. Souef underscored the fact that the cycle of crisis that had affected the Comoros since independence would find no lasting solution if the issue of the socio-economic development of the Islands was not addressed comprehensively. He also indicated that the issue of the island of Mayotte continued to be cause for concern for all the Comorian people. In this regard, he informed Council that this island belongs to the Comorian ensemble and that the Comorian people would like to see it join the new Union of the Comoros.

76. The other delegations that took the floor welcomed the return to constitutional rule in the Comoros and congratulated Colonel Azali Assoumani on his election as President of the Union of the Comoros. They also paid tribute to the Comorian people for their patience and cooperation with the OAU throughout the process. They also congratulated the Government of Mauritius for accepting to host the donors conference on the Comoros, and expressed the wish that the donors conference on the Comoros would take place as soon as possible to enable the consolidation of the reconciliation process in the Comoros.

77. Council discussed the situation in Angola at length following a brief introduction of the item by the Assistant Secretary General for Political Affairs and the presentation by its Chairman H.E. Mr. Sule Lamido, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, of the report of the OAU Ad-Hoc Committee on the Follow-up on the UN Security Council Sanctions against UNITA. The Assistant Secretary General and the Chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee underscored the positive developments in the Angolan peace process, and the need for adequate assistance from the international community to support the process and help the Angolan Government address the resulting humanitarian crisis. The Chairman of the Ad-Hoc Committee further recommended that the sanctions imposed against UNITA be maintained until there was irreversible progress in the peace process. He briefed Council on the activities of the Ad Hoc Committee, particularly the visits to some African countries. Lastly, he drew Council’s attention to the recommendations contained in the report.

78. The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Angola, Mr. Joao Bernardo Miranda thanked the OAU Ad-Hoc Committee for a job well done, adding that he was aware of the difficulties inherent in the task. He intimated that the sanctions imposed on UNITA were determining factors for the end of the war, and thanked the OAU and African countries for the assistance they had provided to Angola, and the solidarity demonstrated. In that regard, the Angolan Minister of Foreign Affairs stressed the importance of the social dimension of the peace process, which could constitute a risk factor if care was not taken. He stated that since the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on 4 April 2002, 78,800 ex-UNITA combatants had been quartered, 5,000 of whom had been integrated into the army and police while the rest would undergo accelerated training for subsequent integration into civilian life. He also indicated that Angola was grappling with 50,000 orphans, 50,000 maimed people, 4 million displaced persons and over 400,000 refugees from neighbouring countries.

79. Several delegations expressed satisfaction at the new prospects for peace in Angola, adding that the end of the war in that country had constituted a significant achievement, not only for Angola but for the entire African Continent. All the delegations congratulated the Angolan authorities, especially President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, for the way he had so far handled the situation as well as the on-going peace process. Thus, the signing on 4 April 2002 of the Memorandum of Understanding, Supplementary to the Lusaka Protocol for Cessation of Hostilities and Resolution of Pending Military Issues, was an event of great political significance. All delegations were of the opinion that, it was necessary to show solidarity in concrete terms, towards Angola considering the daunting problems that country had to grapple with as a result of the peace process.

80. At the end of the debate, Council supported the recommendations of the OAU Ad-Hoc Committee with the exception of that stipulated in paragraph 29(d) regarding the report on extending assistance to UNITA for transformation into a political organization, on the grounds that such action could constitute an instance of interference in the internal affairs of Angola.

2. Report of the Secretary General on the Implementation of the CSSDCA - CM/2255(LXXVI)

81. The Assistant Secretary General for Political Affairs introduced the Report on the Conference on Security, Stability, Development and Cooperation in Africa (CSSDCA). He recalled the Sirte Declaration adopted by the 4^th Extraordinary Summit, on 4 September 1999, and the Solemn Declaration on the CSSDCA adopted by Heads of State and Government in July 2000 in Lomé, Togo.

82. He noted that the Solemn Declaration provided a framework for political and economic governance for the development of the CSSDCA process as a policy development forum, and as a mechanism for monitoring and evaluation for the OAU/AU. In pursuance of the directive by the Heads of State and Government, that detailed discussions be undertaken on the various calabashes in order to implement the CSSDCA Process, the General Secretariat had convened the Meetings of Experts on Development and Cooperation, in Midrand, South Africa in December 2001, and on Security and Stability, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in May 2002. Each Meeting of Experts had adopted a Memorandum of Understanding which had been consolidated into a General Memorandum of Understanding on Security, Stability, Development and Cooperation.

83. The Council was also informed of the second OAU-Civil Society Conference organized in Addis Ababa, from 11-15 June 2002, which had examined the General Memorandum of Understanding on Security, Stability, Development and Cooperation of the CSSDCA, and submitted recommendations for enriching the same. These recommendations of the conference have been reflected in the Consolidated Memorandum of Understanding that had been submitted to Council for consideration. The Assistant Secretary General concluded that all the mandates of the Lomé and Lusaka Summits with regard to the CSSDCA had been fulfilled.

84. The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Nigeria expressed his government’s appreciation to the Secretary General and his staff for the successful integration of the CSSDCA process into the work programme of the African Union. He commended the Ambassadors and governmental experts who had participated in the various expert meetings that had resulted in the Memorandum of Understanding now under review.

85. The Minister also expressed delight that African Civil Society Organizations had been given the opportunity to provide inputs for the CSSDCA process. He observed that their comments were constructive, and showed clearly the value that Civil Society participation could add to the process of governance on the continent. He urged Council to adopt the proposed amendments as they would enrich the Memorandum of Understanding for submission to the Heads of State and Government for endorsement.

86. The Minister further informed Council that, as a mark of Nigeria’s support for the CSSDCA Trust Fund, along with South Africa had contributed US$ 500,000 each to the Trust Fund. He appealed to other African countries to contribute to the Fund as a sign of support to the process. The Minister expressed satisfaction with the interest shown by the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) the UN and some European countries in the CSSDCA process, which complemented the NEPAD process as a programme of the African Union. Finally, the Minister endorsed the proposal contained in the Memorandum of Understanding to strengthen and enlarge the CSSDCA so that it could perform fully its mandate.

87. The Report of the Secretary General and the recommendations therein as well as the Consolidated Memorandum of Understanding were thereafter adopted by Council.

88. The Assistant Secretary General in charge of Political Affairs presented the item. He informed Council that the problem of refugees, returnees and displaced persons on the continent had remained basically the same as had been reported during its last session. He however pointed out that the report was presented to Council in order to continue to sensitize Member States to the need to address the problems of refugees and displaced persons on the continent.

89. After the above introductory remarks of the Assistant Secretary General, Council took note of the Report.

4. (a) Report of the Secretary General on strengthening the role of OAU/AU in elections, observations and monitoring and the advancement of the democratisation process in Africa - CM/2257(LXXVI)

90. Introducing the above reports, the Assistant Secretary General for Political Affairs stated that the reports had their genesis in OAU‘s involvement in election observation and in the democratic process in Africa, following the adoption of the July 1990 Addis Ababa Declaration on the Political and Socio-Economic Situation in Africa and the Fundamental Changes Taking Place in the World. This Declaration was followed by the subsequent adoption of the Algiers Decision of July 1999, and the Lomé Declaration of July 2000, on Unconstitutional Changes of Government, whose common values and principles have become the benchmark for the Organization’s subsequent actions regarding the democratic process and good governance.

91. The report went on to review the democratic progress achieved in Member States, especially in regard to the establishment of pertinent legal and institutional frameworks, as well as the involvement of the civil society. The report further indicated that, despite progress made, Member States were still faced with some difficulties, such as inadequate financial resources and equipment, deficiencies in the legal and institutional structures, weakness of institutions responsible for the electoral process, low level voter education and awareness; etc. The Assistant Secretary General emphasized that the list of such weaknesses were not exhaustive, and that they have seriously hampered efforts at organizing free, fair, credible and democratic elections.

92. The Assistant Secretary General then invited the Council to the critical assessment of OAU’s performance in the area of election made in the report, especially the absence of a clear mandate spelt out in a decision or declaration indicating, in unambiguous terms, the aims and objectives of OAU election monitoring missions; the lack of institutional capacities to effectively undertake activities geared to strengthening democratic processes in Africa; lack of adequate financial resources to enable the Organization undertake its mission effectively and to cover all the critical aspects of the electoral process; namely voter registration, declaration of results, including electoral campaign and the actual casting of votes.

93. The Assistant Secretary General further drew Council’s attention to the series of recommendations on various aspects of this issue, especially on a radical review of the Organization’s policy, criteria to guarantee more effective and efficient participation by the Organization in election observation missions, the need to endow the Organization with sufficient financial resources to enable it participate actively in the democratization process and establishing a democratization support fund.

94. Concluding, Assistant Secretary General recommended that in order to effectively orientate OAU/AU’s intervention in elections and in consolidating democratic processes, a Declaration be adopted on the principles to guide the conduct of democratic elections in Africa, adding that the Draft Declaration which reaffirmed the principles and objectives already adopted by the OAU/AU since the 1990 Declarations on the Fundamental Changes Taking Place in the World and on Popular Participation in Development including the Declaration on Unconstitutional Changes of Government, the Declaration on the CSSDCA (Lomé, 2000) and the Declaration on NEPAD (Lusaka, 2001), had been submitted to the Drafting Committee for consideration.

95. Following the above presentation, the Libyan Minister of the African Union took the floor to recommend the setting up of a Unit within the AU Commission for election monitoring and observation. He expressed satisfaction at the quality of the Secretary General’s report on this important issue and he also stressed that Africans had already shown their willingness to consolidate their democracy through the adoption of the Algiers Decision and the Lomé Declaration. He denounced the tendency of some foreign forces, on the continent, to interfere in the internal affairs of African States through elections, adding that such action constituted a threat to African integration and independence. He stated that Africa had the ability to organize free, fair and transparent elections on its own, and that all those who wanted to assist in the organization and observation of elections, should do so through the OAU. In that regard, he recommended the establishment of an appropriate mechanism to which his country was already willing to contribute. This mechanism should also be capable of assisting Member States, which expressed the need for help, in the organization of their elections, without interference from foreign forces on the continent.

96. After these two presentations, many delegations took the floor to congratulate the Secretary General on the quality and relevance of the report, and the recommendations contained therein. All the delegations agreed that the report was consistent with the decisions taken by the OAU Heads of State and Government and in particular the Algiers Decision and the Lomé Declaration on Unconstitutional Changes of Government, CSSDCA and NEPAD programmes especially aspects dealing with democratic governance, the rule of law and popular participation. They deplored the fact that OAU was unable to cover the elections it had been invited to observe, adequately, due to the meagre resources at its disposal. They therefore requested that adequate means be provided to the Organisation to enable it to carry out this important mission satisfactorily.

97. While underscoring the importance of election observation and monitoring, the delegations also highlighted the difficulties encountered in the preliminary stages, particularly the drawing-up of reliable electoral lists. Other delegations also stressed the importance of allowing international observers to monitor elections, thereby guaranteeing greater credibility and providing added assurance to all the contestants. They deplored situations where some leaders who had lost elections had refused to hand over power to the newly elected candidates. In that connection, those same delegations recommended that the provisions of the Algiers Decision should be applied against such leaders.

98. The delegations also welcomed the establishment of a special election fund and the involvement of Civil Society in the work of the Union in that regard. Furthermore, they recommended that recognition be accorded to the status of political oppositions in Member States in order to entrench a culture of democracy, particularly change of government through the ballot box. By the same token, the various oppositions must also demonstrate a sense of responsibility and adhere to the rules of democracy and constitutional legality. The vital role of the media in strengthening the democratic process was also underscored.

99. The Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of the Republic of Mozambique recommended the inclusion of the item on Lesotho and the very successful general election which had been held there in the framework of national reconciliation with the involvement of the OAU.

100. Council took note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary General and the proposals by Libya. It called on the Drafting Committee to examine the Draft Declaration presented by the Secretariat in the light of the report and to come up with appropriate recommendations for submission to the Assembly of Heads of State and Government.

101. The above report was introduced by the Assistant Secretary General for Political Affairs who indicated that the situation in Palestine had seriously deteriorated both in terms of the escalating cycle of violence as reflected by the unprecedented Israeli Army attacks resulting in hundreds of deaths with thousands wounded among Palestinian demonstrators.

102. Despite the numerous urgent appeals by the International Community, Israel had now been maintaining its siege on President Arafat for months on end; it had ignored the Arab League’s peace initiative proposed at the end of its 14^th Ordinary Session held in Beirut, Lebanon, in March 2002, whereas this initiative had been widely accepted as offering a viable bases and a historic opportunity for a comprehensive peace and lasting global solution to the conflict in the region.

103. The Assistant Secretary General recalled the re-occupation of Palestinian territories by Israeli forces and the various reactions by the International Community to the Israeli military incursions in Palestine both at the level of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, the Islamic Conference Organisation, the European Union, and also at the level of the OAU.

104. On the situation in the Middle East, the Assistant Secretary General stated that the events in Palestine had also impacted negatively on the peace process, leading to heightened tension and violence in the Region.

105. Invited by Council to take the floor, Mr. Farouk Kaddoumi, the Foreign Affairs Minister of the State of Palestine, first commended the Secretary General for his detailed report whose conclusions were, in his view, very vital and deserved particular attention.

106. He then explained that the September 2001 events in the United States, although condemned by President Yasser Arafat, had provided the Israeli Prime Minister with a pretext to perpetrate large scale attacks against the Palestinian people, which, to date, had claimed 2229 lives with 7000 wounded including 464 children and 7540 detainees 980 of whom were children. He further said that Israel had divided the occupied territories into 227 mini-districts. He informed Council that 7% of the population in Gaza strip lived below poverty level due to the blockade imposed by the Israeli army, adding that Israel’s real aim was the physical elimination of President Yasser Arafat, and the extermination of the Palestinian people.

107. Mr Kaddoumi further informed Council that all President Yasser Arafat’s attempts at bringing Israeli occupation to an end had been undermined by the Israeli Prime Minister whose arrogance has gone as far as refusing the sending of a United Nations Fact Finding Mission to Palestine. He denounced the unacceptable interference of President George W. Bush who, in his recent statement on the Palestinian problem, asked the Palestinian people to elect new leaders.

108. He commended the United Nations Secretary General’s continued efforts to find a solution to the Palestinian problem in accordance with the various United Nations Security Council Resolutions.

109. Mr. Kaddoumi lastly thanked OAU Member States, individually and collectively, for their unflagging support to the Peace Process in the Middle East and in Palestine, and expressed the hope that the African Union Member States would do the same.

110. Taking the floor, Mr. Papa Louis Fall, the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Senegal to the United Nations and Chairman of the Committee for the exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian people, recalled the fact that 21 long and painful months had gone by since the International Community witnessed, helplessly or indifferently, the resumption of Israeli aggression against the Palestinians, an aggression which had continued to show hatred, death and desolation, under the convenient pretext of repression of terrorism, coupled with the sealing off of Palestinian territories, as well as economic and financial blockade. Having been considerably damaged and now more or less in ruins, Palestinian infrastructure no longer functioned, populations whose dignity had been wounded, have no other alternative but to rise in anger, sometimes in a most questionable way in reaction to acts of violence, provocation, terror and the action of Israeli bulldozers.

111. All these acts had been condemned by the United Nations Committee for the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian Peoples. The Committee also expressed its frustration and consternation over the failure of the Security Council to enforce its own decisions, one instance of which was the unfortunate episode whereby the Fact-Finding Mission on the tragic events in Jenin was disbanded due to the refusal of Israel to cooperate with the United Nations.

112. Concluding, Ambassador Papa Louis Fall urged the parties, particularly Israel, to comply with the United Nations Resolutions, Security Council Resolutions especially Resolutions 242, 338 and 1397, as well as the 1949 Geneva Convention on the Protection of Civilians in Times of War and accept the need for international protection according to appropriate modalities.

113. Several delegations took the floor to condemn the barbaric Israeli acts aimed at physically eliminating Yasser Arafat and returning the Palestinian people to the level of Bantustans, and even slavery. They stressed that the Question of Palestine remained the heart of the Middle East problem, where peace could not be restored as long as the question remained unresolved. The delegations also pointed out that it was high time Africa showed more active solidarity with the Palestinian people through an initiative, based on United Nations Security Council Resolution 1397.

114. The delegations which took the floor stated that Council should mandate its Chairman to get involved in the different initiatives on behalf of the Organisation. They hailed the visit of Dr. Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of South Africa, to Palestine within the framework of and as leader of the Non-Aligned Countries Mission, during one of the most trying moments in the history of Palestine.

115. Most of the delegations expressed concern on the interference of the United States of America in the internal affairs of Palestine in calling for the election of new leaders. The delegations maintained that President Yasser Arafat is the President of the Palestinian National Authority democratically elected by the Palestinian People and that the decision to choose freely their leadership should be left to the people of Palestine.

116. They stressed the need for the Council to send a message of solidarity to President Yasser Arafat and asked the Secretariat to draft that message. The same delegations also invited the Council, while bearing in mind different existing initiatives, to take new initiatives to provide the Chairman with a base for more effective involvement of the Organisation in the Peace Process in Palestine.

117. Lastly, delegations were in favour of the idea of holding a Special Session of the Security Council on Palestine which should be pursued, as well as the possibility of a group of African Heads of State going to Palestine and Israel in order to move the Peace Process forward. Similarly, they were of the opinion that the possibility of convening a Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly could be looked into, in the event that the Security Council was unable to meet.

118. In conclusion, the Chairman of the Council summed up the discussion as follows:

• The Council must reaffirm African solidarity towards the Palestinian people;
• The Council must reaffirm the right of the Palestinian people to an independent State;
• The Council must urge both parties to show restraint and made every effort to resume negotiations aimed at achieving a just and lasting peace in the Middle East;
• The OAU should be further involved in finding a solution to the Palestinian problem with the help of a Committee set up for this purpose;
• The OAU should, like the different initiatives, set up a ministerial structure which would be presided over by the Chairman of the Council;
• The OAU should set up a Select Committee on this issue, consisting of two (2) countries drawn from each region;
• The Council should advise Heads of State to look into ways and means to further involve themselves in the Palestinian issue.

IV. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL MATTERS

1. Report of the Secretary General on the Implementation of the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community:

a) Report by the General Secretariat - Doc. CM/2259(LXXVI) - a

119. In presenting the report of the Secretary General on social and economic issues, the Assistant Secretary General in charge of Community Affairs Department informed the Council that under the umbrella item on the Implementation of the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Communities, there were sub items relating to the WTO, ACP-EU negotiations under the Cotonou Agreement, the development of telecommunications industries, plans of action on HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other related infectious diseases, and education. As the sub-items had already been examined by the Committee of Ambassadors and Other Plenipotentiaries, the Assistant Secretary General concentrated on presenting:

• Report of activities of the Secretary General on the Implementation of the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community (Doc. CM/2259 (LXXVI) – a; and
• Report on External Support to the Programme of Integration in the Continent (Doc. CM/2259 (LXXVI) – c.

120. The attention of Council was drawn to summary reports on a number of subjects relating to African integration and development; including the report on the 15^th Session of the Conference of African Ministers of Industry, the reports on the 4^th General Assembly of the African Population Commission and on the Ministerial Conference on Employment and Poverty Alleviation which was combined with the 25^th Session of the OAU Labour and Social Affairs Commission; the reports on the 1^st OAU Ministerial Conference on Drugs and on the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources as well as the launching of Afro-Arab Cultural Institute, the 8^th All-Africa Trade Fair held in Cairo, and OAU-BADEA cooperation.

121. Regarding the reports on the activities of the Regional Economic Communities, the Assistant Secretary General informed the Council that the representatives of the RECs would be making their respective presentations to the Council.

122. On the side of the General Secretariat, the activities undertaken consisted mainly of working with the RECs on issues relating to the launch of the African Union, and the future relations between the Union and RECs. Council was informed of the general briefing provided to the COMESA Summit by the Secretariat, on the transition process in May 2002 in Addis Ababa. The outcome of the meeting between the OAU and RECs held in June 2002 in Addis Ababa, on the future relations between the AU and RECS was also brought to the attention of Council. The Assistant Secretary General then informed Council of a planned meeting in Durban, between the Secretary General and the Chief Executives of RECs, on the margins of the OAU Summit.

123. Presenting the sub-item on External Support to the Programme of integration, the Assistant Secretary General informed Council of assistance provide by the African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF) for the establishment of a Policy Analysis Support Unit (PASU) in the OAU, and by the UNDP which had financed an OAU/RECs joint mission to NAFTA and ASEAN. The Assistant Secretary General then appealed to Africa’s cooperating partners to increase their assistance to the continent’s integration effort and urged all Member States to play their own part in financing economic integration. In that regard, he called on the few remaining countries to ratify or accede to the AEC Treaty.

124. Following the presentation, the representatives of RECs were given the floor to report on their activities.

125. The Secretary General of the Community of Sahelo-Saharan States (CEN-SAD), Dr. Mohamed Al-Madani AL-AZHARI presented to Council, an Executive Summary of activities carried out by CEN-SAD, since the 37^th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government held in Lusaka in July 2001. The CEN-SAD Secretary General noted that the community initiative and activities so far carried out were in keeping with the Abuja Treaty of 3 June 1991, the 4 February 1998 Treaty establishing CEN-SAD and the Constitutive Act of the African Union. Furthermore, he noted that the activities carried out fell under the following four major areas, namely:

1. PEACE AND SECURITY

In this context and under the direction of the Distinguished Mediator of CEN-SAD, the Guide of the El Fatah Revolution, Colonel Muammer El Gaddafi, actions were undertaken by CEN-SAD to promote peace through dialogue especially in Chad, the Central African Republic, Somalia, The Sudan and Ethiopia/Eritrea.

2. RURAL DEVELOPMENT, WATER AND ENVIRONMENT

The Secretary General of CEN-SAD underscored the fact that these were priority issues and that a strategic partnership had therefore been entered into with the FAO, OSS and CILSS. He informed Council that the Rural Development Ministers of the 18 Member countries of CEN-SAD had met in Khartoum in October 2001 and identified ways and means of protecting and rehabilitating the vegetation and the environment. The Secretary General of CEN-SAD then informed Council that the Member States of the Community planned to establish a common market for basic agricultural commodities in the CEN-SAD area to more effectively combat food insecurity and backstop the projects retained in the Special Food Security Programme (SFSP-CENSAD FAO).

3. TRADE AND INVESTMENT

The Secretary General of CEN-SAD informed Council of the launch of a study on the ways and means to establish a CEN-SAD free trade area; and to this end, Customs, Trade and Chambers of Commerce Directors would meet in Tripoli in August 2002 to examine the issue and come up with interim measures.

4. Institutional support towards the establishment of the African Union

The Secretary General informed Council that the CEN-SAD General Secretariat was fully prepared to lend its institutional support to the African Union in keeping with the directives of its decision-making bodies.

126. Lastly, the CEN-SAD Secretary General stated that CEN-SAD remained open to partnership with all organizations that shared its aims and objectives.

127. The Secretary General of COMESA, Mr. Erastus O. Mwencha gave the genesis of his Organisation. COMESA was established in December 1981 as Preferential Trade Area (PTA) and was transformed into the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) in December 1994. Mr. Mwencha outlined COMESA’s progress in market integration, infrastructure development, investment promotion and on peace and security. In this regard, he recalled the launching in October 2000 of COMESA Free Trade Area. The FTA has resulted in noticeable shift of trade from third countries in favour of COMESA and that more could be achieved with efficient and cost effective infrastructure to facilitate movement of goods and services.

128. Mr. Mwencha informed Council that COMESA’s next milestone is the establishment of a Common External Tariff (CET) by 2004. He also outlined steps taken by COMESA in trade facilitation through the adoption of common instruments. He further elaborated on the monetary and financial instruments such as the trade and development bank, the clearing house and the African Trade Insurance Agency which COMESA had established to support integration.

129. The African Trade Insurance Agency was designed to cover political risks and address the issue of negative perceptions which adversely affected investment into Africa. ATI was open to all other countries in the continent and this project was submitted for promotion under NEPAD.

130. Lastly, Mr. Mwencha briefed Council on the efforts deployed by COMESA in the area of conflict prevention and promotion of peace.

131. Taking the floor, the Executive Secretary of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), H. E. Mohamed Ibn CHAMBAS, briefed Council on the coordination measures taken by his Community to implement NEPAD and the vital projects on which ECOWAS was currently focusing attention.

132. He also recalled programmes on trade liberalization and the projected creation of the single ECOWAS Monetary Zone in 2004. The zone, he explained, would come about as a result of the merging of the CFA Zone and a second zone established by other countries of the region. He also referred to the measures taken by his Community to overcome the challenges facing some countries of the region in the area of energy.

133. On peace and security, he recalled the ECOWAS mechanism put in place for the purpose, as well as decisions taken by the Heads of State and Government of ECOWAS to guarantee good governance and democracy, combat corruption and prevent unconstitutional changes.

134. The Assistant Secretary General of ECCAS, Ambassador Nelson Cosme, briefed Council on the activities of his Organization, highlighting the decisions taken during the 10^th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of ECCAS held in Malabo on 17 June 2002. These decisions concerned:

• the free movement within the Community of some categories of nationals of Members States, particularly the adoption of the identification card and the free movement card and as well as the establishment of corridors at airports, ports and some border posts;
• the introduction of a self-financing mechanism and a community integration levy based on the customs value of imports from third countries;
• food security and the adoption of a Regional Food Security Programme (PRSA);
• the establishment of a Central African Network of Parliamentarians ahead of the Sub-Regional Parliament and the adoption of a protocol in this respect;
• the reaction of a Central African Peace and Security Council (COPAX) and the adoption of the Statutes of the Organs of this mechanism (FOMAC, MARAC, CDS);
• the establishment of an ECCAS free trade area effective from the year 2004;
• the General Secretariat of ECCAS mandated to monitor NEPAD activities.

135. The Assistant Secretary General informed Council of the return of the Republic of Rwanda to ECCAS after a few years of absence.

136. The IGAD Director of Economic Affairs provided general information on his Organisation stating that IGAD, which had was established to combat desertification and drought, has become a Forum which for discussing all issues of the sub-region to meet the challenge of self-sufficiency and establish cooperation for sustainable development.

137. For that purpose six priority fields have been defined for the promotion of integration.

138. The IGAD Secretariat, he said, has established a department dealing with Conflict Resolution, and a section for gender issues. Concluding, the IGAD representative called on the Council to allocate more to the discussion of programmes of the Regional Economic Communities.

139. The Report on SADC integration activities was presented by the Deputy Executive Secretary, Mr. Albert M. Muchanga. He highlighted the elements of the restructuring programme started in March 2001, that had moved the region from decentralization to centralization of Secretariat activities. In that regard, he stated that the previously twenty-one decentralized sectors had been regrouped under four clusters that form the basis of the four programme directorates of the Secretariat.

140. He added that SADC National Committees (NCs) responsible for programme generation and implementation at the national level had been established to replace the abolished sectors, and underlined that membership in the NCs was open to governments, employers and workers’ organizations, the private sector, parliamentarians and NGOs. He further indicated that a Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) that would define projects, programmes, speed and sequencing of the regional integration process in the region and address issues of capacity building and equity, was under preparation.

141. He then enumerated progress in integration made in areas such as macro-economic policy convergence, trade, private sector involvement, gender mainstreaming, responses to food crisis, defense and security. He briefed the meeting about the signature of twenty protocols which, when ratified, would align domestic policies of Member States with regional policies, and enhance integration. He further highlighted inter-agency collaboration activities with the OAU, ECA, COMESA, the NEPAD Steering Committee. He concluded by indicating that SADC had contributed to the development of criteria for the hosting of some AU institutions and appealed to the Council to devote more time to the discussion of issues of socio-economic development and regional integration.

142. In introducing this item, the Assistant Secretary General in charge of the Community Affairs Department underscored the importance of accelerating the pace of regional integration for the achievement of the objectives of African Union. He informed Council about the assistance which the OAU and the RECs had received from two development partners – the African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) – in the implementation of regional integration programmes and policies. To ensure that Africa does not send the wrong signals to development partners regarding its commitment to regional integration, the Assistant Secretary General urged Member States that had not yet ratified the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community to do so without further delay.

143. The Assistant Secretary General, Ambassador Agubuzu, who presented the report of the General Secretariat CM/2259 (LXXVI) recalled the addendum to the Introductory Note of the Secretary General’s report which referred to the offer by Portugal to host the Second Africa-Europe Summit in Lisbon in April 2003. Council raised no objection with regard to Africa’s participation in the above Summit.

144. The Minister of Foreign Affairs of Burkina Faso took the floor to provide additional information on the Second Africa-Europe Ministerial Conference scheduled for November 2002 in Ouagadougou. He stated that the meeting of the Bi-regional Group which was due to hold prior to this Second Conference would now take place in September after the conference in Johannesburg on sustainable Development. He further stated that the Conference in Ouagadougou would focus on issues pertaining to debt and cultural goods as well as on other important matters particularly NEPAD, in the light of the results obtained at the G8 Summit, organised transboundary crimes and trafficking in women and children.

145. In the discussions that followed the presentations by the Assistant Secretary General, and the Chief Executive of the RECs, several delegations stressed the need to accord priority to the issue of regional integration and for the Member States to commit resources to the process. The need to strengthen relationship with development partners to get more resources for the promotion of African regional integration was also highlighted.

146. They also stressed the need to ratify the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community and speed up the economic integration process by adopting a common stand on trade and investment as well as a single system of rules of origin and by harmonising customs standards.

147. In his intervention, the Minister of Trade of South Africa commended the RECs on the progress made at the level of their various regions, and advised that it was time to start on some continent-wide initiative, especially in the area of trade. In that regard, he called for a more effective directory of exports and a common system of Rules of Origin. He further called for projects on common standards to be considered at the continental level, as well as for the harmonization of customs capacity and documentation, as those four areas constituted the basis to speed up trade.

148. Council accepted Burkina Faso’s offer and stressed that the EU should be effectively represented at Ministerial level at the Ouagadougou Conference and that both parties should have a strong representation at Ministerial level at that meeting. It also called on the Secretariat to contact the EU side with a view to ensuring that the EU States are represented by Ministers.

149. Following the consideration of this item, Council:

1. requested Member States to sign and/or ratify the Treaty establishing the African Economic Community if they had not yet done so;
2. decided to devote more time to economic integration issues during future meetings;
3. requested the Secretariat to take the necessary steps to prepare the Statutes of the African Academy of Languages;
4. requested the General Secretariat and RECs to accord priority to continental integration initiatives that would speed up the integration process;
5. identified the following areas of priority:
   1. preparation of a directory of exporters in Africa;

   2. harmonization of the Rules of origins of the various regions;

   3. harmonization of standards between and within RECs;
   4. capacity building in the area of Customs and harmonization of Customs documents.

2. Report of the Secretary General on the Outcome of the 15^th Session of the Conference of African Ministers of Industry (CAMI-15) - CM/2260(LXXVI)

150. The Assistant Secretary General for Community Affairs presented the Report of the 15^th Ordinary Session of the African Ministers of Industry which took place from 29 to 30 October 2001 at Yaounde, Cameroon. He drew the attention of Council to the outcome of the meeting, with particular reference to the necessity for